Construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar el desempeño pedagógico del tutor de Medicina General Integral

Introducción: Para evaluar resulta imprescindible la construcción de herramientas en función de establecer resultados medibles. Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento para evaluar el desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Materiales y métodos: Enfoque mixto, diseño transversal analítico. Métodos: teóricos: análisis y síntesis, inducción-deducción, enfoque sistémico; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta a tutores y residentes, observación y criterio de expertos; estadísticos: estadística descriptiva (valores absolutos y porcentuales), coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, coeficiente W de Kendall. Procedimientos: parametrización y triangulación metodológica. Fases: revisión bibliográfica, parametrización, análisis de validez de contenido, confiabilidad y aplicabilidad. Resultados: Se elaboró un instrumento con tres dimensiones (cognoscitiva, procedimental y comportamental) y 19 indicadores. Se seleccionaron 15 expertos. Más del 70 % evaluaron los ítems según los criterios de Moriyama en la categoría Mucho. El cálculo del coeficiente W de Kendall sugirió una alta concordancia entre los jueces. El instrumento final contó con 18 ítems. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach resultó en 0,83 (alta confiabilidad). Con su aplicación se identificaron siete problemas y seis potencialidades, lo cual demostró su validez en la práctica para el diagnóstico. Conclusiones: El instrumento construido evidenció buenas condiciones de validez teórica y práctica, lo cual permitirá direccionar las acciones de superación para los tutores de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. También puede complementar la evaluación profesoral, al particularizar en el cumplimiento de las funciones del tutor.

Introduction: To evaluate, the construction of tools able to establish measurable results is essential. Objective: To build and validate an instrument to evaluate the professional pedagogical performance of the tutor of the Comprehensive General Medicine specialist. Materials and methods: Mixed approach, cross-sectional, analytical design. Theoretical methods: analysis and synthesis; induction-deduction; systemic approach. Empirical methods: documentary analysis; survey to tutors and residents; observation, and experts' judgment. Statistical methods: descriptive statistics (absolute and percentage value), Cronbach Alpha coefficient; Kendall's W coefficient. Procedures: parametrization and methodological triangulation. Phases: bibliographic review; parametrization; analysis of content validity; reliability, and applicability. Results: An instrument was developed with three dimensions (cognitive, procedural and behavioral) and 19 indicators. 15 experts were chosen. More than 70% evaluated the items according to Moriyama criteria in the category A lot. The calculation of the Kendall's W coefficient suggested a high concordance between judges. The final instrument had 18 items. Cronbach Alpha coefficient resulted in 0.83 (high reliability). With its application, seven problems and six potentialities were identified, which demonstrated its validity in practice for diagnostic. Conclusions: The built document showed good conditions of theoretical and practical validity, which will allow directing the training actions for the tutors in the specialty of Comprehensive General Medicine. It can also complement the professorial evaluation, by particularizing in the fulfillment of the tutor's functions.

Importancia social de la preparación pedagógica del tutor en la formación del médico general integral

Introducción: la figura del tutor es de vital importancia en la formación del especialista en medicina general integral. Objetivo: fundamentar la importancia del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor en la formación del especialista en medicina general integral en la sociedad cubana. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un análisis documental a partir de una búsqueda sobre el tema, de enero de 2020 a agosto de 2022, en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO, y en el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas web -en español, portugués e inglés- que hicieran referencia al tema a través del título. Fueron excluidos los artículos que no cumplieron con estas condiciones. Conclusiones: la medicina familiar es eminentemente social, por su objeto y misión en la comunidad, de ahí que garantizar la formación de profesionales integrales que involucren en su desarrollo los contenidos y habilidades de la especialidad, junto a valores y formas de actuación acorde con los principios de la sociedad socialista, supondrá una mayor resolutividad de los problemas de salud de la población y, por ende, una mayor calidad de vida.

Introduction: the figure of the tutor is of vital importance in the training of the specialist in comprehensive general medicine. Objective: to base the importance of the professional pedagogical performance in the training of the specialist in comprehensive general medicine in Cuban society. Materials and methods: a documental analysis was carried out froma search on the subject, from January 2020 to August in PubMed and SciELO databases and in the Google Scholar search engine. Review and research articles and web pages-in Spanish, Portuguese and English-that referred to the subject in the title were evaluated. Articles that did not meet this condition were excluded. Conclusions: family medicine is eminently social, due to its objective and mission in the community, hence guaranteeing the training of comprehensive professionals who involve the contents and skills of the specialty in their development, along with values and forms of action in accordance with the principles of the socialist society, will suppose a better resolution of the health problems of the population, and therefore, a better quality of life.

satisfacción de la tutoría clínica de estudiantes de la especialidad de enfermería del adulto en estado crítico, en relación con el perfil del tutor clínico / Satisfaction with the clinical tutoring of students in the nursing specialty of critically ill adults, in relation to the profile of the clinical tutor / satisfação com a tutoria clínica de alunos da especialidade de enfermagem de adultos gravemente enfermos, em relação ao perfil do tutor clínico

Dentro del contexto universitario la tutoría pretende coadyuvar al estudiante al ingresar a programas de especialización como opción a titulación de su licenciatura. Por la importancia de ésta a nivel pedagógico es trascendental conocer la satisfacción a través de la percepción del estudiante, con relación al perfil de los tutores clínicos. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de satisfacción de la tutoría clínica de estudiantes de la especialidad de enfermería del adulto en estado crítico respecto a sus características sociodemográficas y antecedentes académicos, en relación al perfil del tutor clínico. Estudio transversal-analítico, en estudiantes y académicos del Programa Único de Especialización de Enfermería, de la Especialidad del Adulto en Estado Crítico. Censo de 84 estudiantes y 15 tutores. Recolección a través del instrumento "Satisfacción de la tutoría clínica para enfermeras"; medida por funciones y dimensiones. El perfil del tutor clínico, a través del cuestionario académico-laboral. Satisfacción global percibida, media de 129.5 ± .569, de un máximo posible de 170 y grado de satisfacción alto 57%. A través del Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, no existe relación lineal en dichas variables. (rp=.116, p=.304), sin embargo, sí existen diferencias significativas en la satisfacción percibida, según el género. (t=- 2.413, m=124, p = 0.019, F=53. 124 ± 22.6; M= 31; 138 ± 19.49), Replantear estrategias relativas al tipo de ingreso al programa y la estandarización óptima del índice tutor-alumno, pueden ayudar a la mejora de la satisfacción en la calidad de la tutoría clínica impartida en la especialización. Palabras Clave: tutoría clínica, estudiantes de enfermería.

Within the university context, the tutoring aims to assist the student when entering specialization programs as an option for a bachelor's degree. Due to the importance of this at the pedagogical level, it is transcendental to know the satisfaction through the perception of the student, in relation to the profile of the clinical tutors. Objective: To analyze the level of satisfaction of the clinical tutoring of students in the nursing specialty of critically ill adults with respect to their sociodemographic characteristics and academic background, in relation to the profile of the clinical tutor. Cross-analytical study, in students and academics of the Unique Nursing Specialization Program, of the Adult in Critical Condition Specialty. Census of 84 students and 15 tutors. Collection through the instrument "Satisfaction of clinical tutoring for nurses"; measured by functions and dimensions. The profile of the clinical tutor, through the academic-labor questionnaire. Perceived global satisfaction, average of 129.5 ± .569, out of a possible maximum of 170 and a high degree of satisfaction of 57%. Through the Pearson correlation coefficient, there is no linear relationship in these variables. (rp=.116, p=.304), however, there are significant differences in perceived satisfaction, according to gender. (t=- 2.413, m=124, p = 0.019, F=53. 124 ± 22.6; M= 31; 138 ± 19.49), Rethink strategies related to the type of admission to the program and the optimal standardization of the tutor-student ratio, They can help to improve satisfaction with the quality of the clinical tutoring provided in the specialization.

No contexto universitário, a tutoria visa auxiliar o aluno no ingresso em cursos de especialização como opção pelo bacharelado. Pela importância disso a nível pedagógico, é transcendental conhecer a satisfação pela percepção do aluno, em relação ao perfil dos tutores clínicos. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de satisfação da tutoria clínica dos alunos da especialidade de enfermagem de adultos gravemente enfermos quanto às suas características sociodemográficas e formação acadêmica, em relação ao perfil do tutor clínico. Estudo transversal analítico, em discentes e acadêmicos do Programa Único de Especialização em Enfermagem, da Especialidade Adulto em Estado Crítico. Censo de 84 alunos e 15 tutores. Recolha através do instrumento "Satisfação da tutoria clínica para enfermeiros"; medida por funções e dimensões. O perfil do tutor clínico, através do questionário acadêmico-laboral. Satisfação global percebida, média de 129,5 ± 0,569, de um máximo possível de 170 e alto grau de satisfação de 57%. Através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, não há relação linear entre essas variáveis. (rp=.116, p=.304), no entanto, existem diferenças significativas na satisfação percebida, de acordo com o sexo. (t=- 2,413, m=124, p = 0,019, F=53,124 ± 22,6; M= 31; 138 ± 19,49), Repensar estratégias relacionadas ao tipo de ingresso no programa e a padronização ideal do tutor- proporção de alunos, Eles podem ajudar a melhorar a satisfação com a qualidade da tutoria clínica fornecida na especialização.

The whole-process tutor management system of residency training based on informatization / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The standardized residency training is an important stage in the training of physicians. Shanghai East Hospital has explored the system of the whole-process tutor management in the residency training. To explore the specific methods of carrying out the whole-process tutor training for residents in the whole hospital, gradually the whole-process tutor system is built with qualification certification, mutual selection of teachers and students, tutor empowerment, plan implementation and assessment and evaluation. Meanwhile, a supporting informatization platform is being developed to provide necessary tool support for the implementation and promotion of the whole-process tutor of residency training. And information tools are used to carry out implementation management, process optimization and quality monitoring, so as to form a closed management loop.

Augmented reality in interventional radiology education: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Augmented reality (AR) involves digitally overlapping virtual objects onto physical objects in real space so that individuals can interact with both at the same time. AR in medical education seeks to reduce surgical complications through high-quality education. There is uncertainty in the use of AR as a learning tool for interventional radiology procedures. OBJECTIVE: To compare AR with other learning methods in interventional radiology. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of comparative studies on teaching techniques. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Tripdatabase, ERIC, CINAHL, SciELO and LILACS electronic databases for studies comparing AR simulation with other teaching methods in interventional radiology. This systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA and the BEME Collaboration. Eligible studies were evaluated using the quality indicators provided in the BEME Collaboration Guide no. 11, and the Kirkpatrick model. RESULTS: Four randomized clinical trials were included in this review. The level of educational evidence found among all the papers was 2B, according to the Kirkpatrick model. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was applied to assess the risk of bias for individual studies and across studies. Three studies showed an improvement in teaching of the proposed procedure through AR; one study showed that the participants took longer to perform the procedure through AR. CONCLUSION: AR, as a complementary teaching tool, can provide learners with additional skills, but there is still a lack of studies with a higher evidence level according to the Kirkpatrick model. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ACZBM in the Open Science Framework database.

Propuesta de superación para el tutor de enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud / A Professional Upgrading Proposal for the Nursing Tutor in Primary Healthcare

Introducción: El enfermero que se desempeña como tutor en la Atención Primaria de Salud tiene como responsabilidad propiciar la formación integral del estudiante que tiene a su cargo. Objetivo: Diseñar una propuesta de superación para el perfeccionamiento de la labor del tutor de enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Se efectuó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Juan Guiteras Gener de Matanzas durante el curso escolar 2017 - 2018, con una muestra de 22 tutores de enfermería provenientes de la Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio de Matanzas. Se analizaron los documentos que avalan el trabajo metodológico de los metodólogos y directivos en la educación en el trabajo. Se diseñó una encuesta dirigida a tutores para la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje y una guía de observación a las actividades de educación en el trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud y entrevista a metodólogos y directivos, se seleccionaron 26 expertos para la valoración de la propuesta. Resultados: Con las encuestas aplicadas a los tutores y las observaciones efectuadas a las actividades en la educación en el trabajo se determinaron las necesidades de aprendizaje. Las entrevistas realizadas a los metodólogos y directivos corroboraron la necesidad de la propuesta. Conclusiones: Se diseñó una propuesta de superación para el perfeccionamiento de la labor del tutor de enfermería en la Atención Primaria de Salud que aborda las necesidades develadas. Los expertos valoraron la propuesta como adecuada, factible y aplicable(AU)

Introduction: The nurse who works as a tutor in primary healthcare has the responsibility of promoting the comprehensive formation of the student under her or his charge. Objective: To design a professional upgrading proposal for improving the work of the nursing tutor in primary healthcare. Methods: A developmental research was carried out at Dr. Juan Guiteras Gener School of Medical Sciences in Matanzas, during the 2017-2018 academic year, with a sample of 22 nursing tutors from primary healthcare from Matanzas Municipality. The documents supporting the methodological work of methodologists and managers of education at work were analyzed. A survey addressed to tutors was designed to identify the learning needs, as well as a guide for the observation of the activities of education at work in primary healthcare and an interview to be applied with methodologists and managers. Twenty-six experts were selected for the proposal evaluation. Results: The learning needs were determined with the surveys applied to the tutors and the observations made to the activities of education at work. The interviews conducted with methodologists and managers corroborated the need for the proposal. Conclusions: A professional upgrading proposal was designed for improving the work of the nursing tutor in primary healthcare, addressing the unveiled needs. The experts assessed the proposal as adequate, feasible and applicable(AU)

La evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor del residente de Medicina General Integral / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

Introducción: La evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor es vital para elevar la calidad del proceso educativo. Objetivo: Definir la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor en la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental de enero a diciembre de 2020. Se utilizaron la base de datos Pubmed y la biblioteca científica electrónica SciELO, así como el buscador de información científica Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas Web que tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia al tema de estudio a través del título. Desarrollo: Se identificaron regularidades entre los autores de la comunidad científica de la Educación Avanzada: proceso vinculado con los objetos de la pedagogía desde la actuación y el comportamiento de los especialistas con funciones docentes como tutores; se realiza a partir del cumplimiento de los objetivos y métodos propios de su contenido de trabajo; se refiere a ejercer las actividades con cuidado, precisión, exactitud, profundidad, originalidad y rapidez, y está asociado con el proceso de profesionalización. Conclusiones: Se definió la evaluación del desempeño pedagógico del tutor de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral como un proceso sistemático, continuo y flexible que permite comprobar, medir y valorar el cumplimiento de las funciones, acciones y tareas que se expresan en el modo de actuación profesional del tutor desde lo relacionado con el saber, saber hacer y saber ser, en correspondencia con las exigencias actuales en el contexto de la educación en el trabajo(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor is vital to raise the quality of the educational process. Objective: To define the evaluation of the pedagogical performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine. Material and Methods: A literature review was carried out from January to December 2020. Database Pubmed, the scientific electronic library SciELO, and Google Scholar were used. Review articles, research articles, and Web sites published less than 10 years ago in both Spanish and English that made reference to the topic through the title were evaluated. Development: Regularities among authors from the scientific community in Advanced Education were identified: process related to the objects of pedagogy from the action and behavior of specialists with the teaching roles of tutors, which starts from the fulfillment of the objectives and own methods of the work content, and refers to undertake the activities carefully to ensure precision, accuracy, depth, originality, and speed all of which is associated with the professionalization process. Conclusions: The evaluation of the pedagogical professional performance of the tutor in the formation of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine is defined as a systematic, continuous, and flexible process that allows to check, measure, and evaluate the fulfillment of the functions, actions, and tasks expressed in the professional performance of the tutor from knowing, knowing how to do, and knowing how to be in accordance with the current requirements within the context of in-service training(AU)

Algoritmo para el Manejo del Trauma Balístico Maxilofacial. Caso Clínico y Revisión de la Literatura

RESUMEN: El trauma maxilofacial por proyectil balístico corresponde a un escenario desafiante para los servicios de alta complejidad debido a su alta mortalidad y morbilidad, asociando gran costo en insumos, hospitalización y recursos, en contraste con la funcionalidad hacia una inserción laboral eficiente. En este sentido la cirugía de reconstrucción se relaciona con el daño presentado en los tejidos blandos y duros, siendo clasificada en etapa inmediata (reducción abierta y fijación con osteosintesis) y/o mediata en donde el uso de tutores externos continúa siendo una propuesta válida. Reporte de un paciente masculino de 38 años, que ingresa por trauma balístico maxilofacial con daño extenso en tejido blando y conminución en cuerpo de mandíbula, siendo tratado de manera mediata por estabilización de tutores externos y posterior reconstrucción con injerto autólogo no vascularizado; presentándose complicación intraoperatoria de comunicación de acceso extraoral con intraoral; cerrado con injerto loco regional de cuerpo adiposo de mejilla. Paciente presenta evolución favorable. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en relación al uso de cuerpo adiposo de mejilla en cirugía maxilofacial reconstructiva. El uso de tutores externos se presenta como una alternativa válida y favorable para traumatismos con daño extenso en tejido blando y duro. El uso de cuerpo adiposo de mejilla se reporta en variados usos en cirugía oral y maxilofacial, sin embargo, su uso como injerto locoregional para cierre de procesos que requieren ser injertados es escaso; planteándose como una propuesta en este reporte.

ABSTRACT: Ballistic projectile maxillofacial trauma corresponds to a challenging scenario for highly complex services due to high mortality and morbidity, associating high cost in supplies, hospitalization and resources, in contrast to the functionality towards efficient labor insertion. In this sense, reconstruction surgery is related to the damage presented in the soft and hard tissues, being classified in the immediate stage (open reduction and fixation with osteosynthesis) and / or mediate where the use of external tutors continues to be a valid proposal. Report of a 38-year-old male patient admitted for maxillofacial ballistic trauma with extensive soft tissue damage and comminution in the mandible body, being treated mediate by stabilization of external tutors and subsequent reconstruction with a non- autologous graft. vascularized; presenting intraoperative complication of communication between extraoral and intraoral access; closed with a locoregional flap of the adipose body of the cheek. The patient presents a favorable evolution. A literature review was carried out in relation to the use of the adipose body of the cheek in reconstructive maxillofacial surgery. The use of external tutors is presented as a valid and favorable alternative for trauma with extensive damage to soft and hard tissue. The use of the adipose body of the cheek is reported in various uses in oral and maxillofacial surgery, however, its use as a locoregional graft for closing processes that require grafting is scarce; it is presented as a proposal in this report.

El rol del tutor en la formación del especialista de Medicina General Integral / The Tutor's Role in the Training of the Specialist in Family and Community Medicine

Introducción: La figura del tutor tiene vital importancia en la formación del especialista de Medicina General Integral. Objetivo: Valorar los antecedentes de la función del tutor en la formación del especialista de MGI en Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis documental, a partir de una búsqueda de literatura relevante sobre el tema de enero de 2019 a enero de 2020. Se utilizaron los buscadores de información científica Pubmed, Scielo y Google Académico. Se evaluaron artículos de revisión, de investigación y páginas web que tenían menos de 10 años de publicados, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, y que hicieran referencia al tema de estudio a través del título. Fueron excluidos los artículos que no cumplieron con estas condiciones. Esto permitió el estudio de 83 referencias bibliográficas, de las cuales 34 se citaron en el presente artículo. Conclusiones: La labor del tutor en la formación del especialista de Medicina General Integral constituye un eje primordial para la formación de los residentes como regulador de la estrategia y ritmo del sistema de enseñanza y aprendizaje, acorde al contexto histórico en el que se han desarrollado y evolucionado los diferentes planes de estudio de la especialidad(AU)

Introduction: The tutor's role is of vital importance in the training of the specialist in family and community medicine. Objective: To assess the background about the tutor's role in the training of the specialist in family and community medicine in Cuba. Method: A document analysis was carried out, based on a search of relevant literature about the subject from January 2019 to January 2020. The scientific information search engines Pubmed, Scielo and Google Scholar were used. Review articles, research articles and web pages were assessed, of the were published within the last ten years old, in Spanish, Portuguese and English, and that made reference to the topic of study through the title. Articles that did not meet these conditions were excluded. These criteria allowed the study of 83 bibliographic references, of which 34 were cited in the present article. Conclusions: The tutor's work is a cornerstone in the training of the specialist in family and community medicine, as far as it is a regulator of the strategy and rhythm of the teaching and learning system, according to the historical context in which the different programs of studies for the specialty have been developed and evolved(AU)

Influence of tutor responsibility system combined with CBL teaching method on the operating skills and teaching quality of hematology residents / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the teaching effect of standardized training physicians in department of hematology through the tutor responsibility system combined with case-based learning (CBL teaching method), and to provide new ideas for the formulation of the teaching plan of standardized training physicians in the future.Methods:A total of 52 residents trained in the Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January to December 2017 were selected in the study. And they were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 26 cases in each group. The control group received the CBL teaching method, and the observation group received the tutor responsibility system combined with the CBL teaching method, both of which were taught for 3 years. Our hospital's self-made assessment form was used to assess the operating skills, theoretical knowledge and teaching quality of the two groups' residents before and after 3 years of teaching. SPSS 24.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After 3 years of teaching, the scores of bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow biopsy, lumbar puncture, and intrathecal injection, the basic theories of specialists, standardized diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, analysis of difficult cases, and rescue scores of critically ill patients, the scores of medical knowledge, clinical thinking, professional ethics, doctor-patient communication, theoretical connection with practice of both groups were all increased than before teaching ( P<0.05), and the above scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The tutor responsibility system combined with CBL teaching method is conducive to improving the training effect and teaching quality of hematology.

Construction of assessment index system on the capacity of clinical medical postgraduate tutor and analysis of its reliability and validity / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To establish an assessment index system on the capacity of clinical medical postgraduate tutor.Methods:On the basis of "literature optimization method", the index system was initially constructed by 14 experts with "Delphi method". Then, through the survey of 109 people, the reliability and validity were tested by Cronbach's α coefficient and exploratory factor analysis. And analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight coefficient of each index. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were applied for statistical analysis. Results:The assessment index system consisted of 2 first-level indexes, 5 second-level indexes and 27 third-level indexes. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total index system, first-level indexes and second-level indexes ranged from 0.833 to 0.931. Five common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the connotation of factors were basically consistent with the theoretical structure. A confirmatory factor model was established with 5 second-level indexes as the first-order factors, what's more, the theoretical model fitted well with the actual data. The combined weight values of "teaching attitude of the tutor", "medical ethics of the tutor", "scientific research projects of the tutor", "dissertation quality of the graduate students", "the quality of the scientific research and training of the graduate students", "the quality of the clinical training of the graduate students", and "disposable scientific research funds of the tutor" ranked in the top 7 weights of third-level indexes. Conclusion:This assessment index system has good reliability and validity with reasonable connotation, which could be used as a reference for tutor evaluation.

El perfil del tutor clínico en los escenarios actuales / The profile of the clinical tutor in current settings

Actualmente, uno de los objetivos de la educación médica es proporcionar a los estudiantes la oportunidad de desarrollar habilidades clínicas y competencias profesionales. Por lo cual el docente tutor generador de aprendizaje debe poseer las herramientas necesarias para ello. La tutoría clínica, es una estrategia fundamental en la enseñanza de los saberes de las ciencias médicas. Considerada como educación "no formal" en contraste con la educación tradicional de las aulas, la enseñanza en los ambientes clínicos tiene su propia estructura o formas de enseñanza. En este sentido, el docente tutor debe reconocer cuáles son las funciones de la tutoría clínica, para así, establecer objetivos claros que respondan al programa de formación de un profesional y que permita la conducción de la tutoría de manera óptima, generando en el estudiante aprendizaje significativo. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo entregar información actualizada respecto al abordaje actual de la tutoría clínica en las carreras del área de salud y describir las competencias pedagógicas que debe tener un tutor clínico.

Currently, one of the goals of medical education is to provide students with the opportunity to development clinical skills and professional competencies. Therefore, the tutor generator learning must have the necessary tools to do. Clinical tutoring is a fundamental strategy in the teaching of knowledge of medical sciences. Considered as "non-formal" instruction in contrast to traditional classroom instruction, teaching in clinical settings has its own structure or forms of teaching. Therefore, the tutor teacher must recognize what are the functions of clinical tutoring, in order to establish clear objectives that respond to the training program of a professional and that allow the conductivity of the tutoring in an optimal way, generating meaningful learning in the student. This review aims to provide updated information regarding the current approach to clinical tutoring in health careers and to describe the pedagogical competencies that should have a clinical tutor.

Caracterización del tutor como figura central en la formación del médico general integral / Characterization of the tutor as a key actor in the training of the family medicine physician

Introducción: La educación y la práctica médica constituyen un par dialéctico, del cual emerge el tutor como figura protagónica de los procesos formativos, con conocimientos, habilidades y experiencia para guiar al educando hacia su desarrollo integral. Objetivo: Caracterizar la preparación del tutor en el proceso de formación del residente de Medicina General Integral en el municipio Habana Vieja durante enero-junio de 2019. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación pedagógica en el área del posgrado, de tipo descriptivo. El universo y la muestra estuvieron constituidos por 75 médicos que ejercían la tutoría de formación en residentes de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Para obtener la información, se efectuó un análisis documental y se aplicó una encuesta, previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: El 42,7 por ciento de los tutores poseía experiencia como tutor y se encontraba en la agrupación entre 1-3 años; el 54,7 por ciento tenía entre 5-10 años como especialistas. La mayor representación (65,3 por ciento) no ostentaba categoría docente ni científica. La maestría de educación médica superior fue la actividad formativa de mayor representación (15,9 por ciento). El 86,6 por ciento refirió no formar parte de investigaciones; y el 53,3 por ciento, no haber participado en eventos científicos. Solo el 24 por ciento de tutores puntualizó haber realizado publicaciones en revistas de alto impacto. Conclusiones: Existen insuficiencias en la preparación del tutor, por lo que se hace necesario implementar estrategias, como la creación de la comisión de trabajo tutorial a nivel del departamento docente(AU)

Introduction: Medical education and practice make up a dialectical pair, from which tutors emerge as leading actors of training processes, with knowledge, skills and experience to guide learners towards their comprehensive development. Objective: To characterize tutor training in the process of formation of the Family Medicine resident in La Habana Vieja Municipality in the period from January to June 2019. Methods: A descriptive pedagogical research was carried out in the postgraduate area. The universe and the sample consisted of 75 physicians who provided tutorship for training Family Medicine residents. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied. To obtain the information, a documental analysis was carried out and a survey was applied, with prior informed consent. Results: 42.7 percent of the participants had experience as tutors and were in the group between one and three years, while 54.7 percent had been specialists for five to ten years. The highest representation group (65.3 percent) did not hold a teaching or scientific rank. The master's degree in higher medical education was the training activity with the highest representation (15.9 percent). 86.6 percent expressed that they were not carrying out any research, while 53.3 percent have not participated in scientific events. Only 24 percent of the tutors specified that they have published in high-impact journals. Conclusions: There are shortcomings in tutor training, a reason why it is necessary to implement strategies, such as the creation of a tutorial work commission at the level of the teaching department(AU)

Profesionalización docente del tutor en el primer nivel de atención / Teaching Professionalization of the Tutor in the First Level of Healthcare

Introducción: La docencia universitaria reviste gran complejidad. En la carrera de Medicina el proceso formativo es dirigido a la enseñanza de competencias profesionales y a la adquisición de valores necesarios para el perfil de salida del profesional de la salud. Se propuso como objetivo caracterizar la profesionalización docente del tutor en el proceso de formación del médico general durante el año 2018. Métodos: Se realizó estudio descriptivo transversal sobre los tutores de pregrado del Municipio de Sagua la Grande. Se encuestaron 13 especialistas en Medicina General Integral y 12 residentes de 2do año. Variables: categoría profesional y docente, grado académico, experiencia como tutor, años de graduado como especialista, tiempo desarrollado como tutor y participación en actividades metodológicas. Resultados: De los 25 consultorios acreditados para la docencia en pregrado, 13 fueron cubiertos por especialista de primer grado en Medicina General Integral y 12 por residentes de 2do año, solo 5 especialistas categorizados. El 61,54 por ciento mostró más de 5 años de experiencia en la asistencia y la docencia, pero con poca preparación metodológica. Conclusiones: En Sagua, la tutoría en pregrado recayó en residentes y especialistas de primer grado en Medicina General Integral, la mayoría sin categoría docente. La preparación profesional, profesoral e investigativa del claustro fue insuficiente. Se evidenció la responsabilidad de la dirección de las unidades docentes asistenciales en garantizar que los consultorios acreditados para la docencia sean cubiertos por residentes en formación o especialistas de Medicina General Integral con categoría docente, como garantía de la calidad del proceso formativo(AU)

Introduction: University teaching is characterized by its high complexity. In the medical major, the training process is aimed at teaching professional skills and acquiring the values necessary for the working profile of the health professional. Objective: To characterize the teaching professionalization of the tutor in the general practitioner´s training process during 2018. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out about undergraduate tutors from Sagua la Grande Municipality. Thirteen specialists in Family Medicine and twelve second-year residents were surveyed. The variables studied were professional and teaching category, academic degree, tutor experience, years of graduate as a specialist, time spent as a tutor, and participation in methodological activities. Results: Of the 25 family medical offices accredited for undergraduate teaching, thirteen were attended by a first-degree specialist in Family Medicine and 12 were under second-year residents; of which there were only five categorized specialists. 61.54 percent showed more than five years of experience in care and teaching, but with little methodological preparation. Conclusions: In Sagua, undergraduate tutoring corresponded to first-degree residents and specialists in Family Medicine, the majority without teaching category. The professional, teaching and research training of the faculty was insufficient. The responsibility of the management of the teaching care units was evidenced in guaranteeing that the accredited teaching family medical offices are run by residents in training or specialists in Family Medicine with teaching category, as a guarantee of the quality of the training process(AU)

Correlação entre os domínios de competência do tutor e o desempenho estudantil: estudo transversal / Correlation between tutor domains of competency and student performance: a cross-sectional study

Resumo: Introdução: Na aprendizagem baseada em problemas, o tutor atua como facilitador, e, nesse contexto, as congruências social e cognitiva e o conhecimento do conteúdo são considerados aspectos fundamentais para o exercício dessa função. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o perfil de domínios de competências do tutor e a correlação com o desempenho do estudante. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado de 2016 a 2017 com tutores e estudantes de Medicina da Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde. Utilizou-se o coeficiente de Spearman para verificar a correlação do perfil de domínios de competência do tutor com o rendimento geral. Resultado: Participaram do estudo 34 tutores e 533 estudantes. Identificaram-se três domínios de competência nas frequências: congruência cognitiva em 88,7%, congruência social em 93,6% e conhecimento de conteúdo em 98,9%. Não foi observada correlação entre os domínios de competência e rendimento. Conclusão: Especula-se que esse achado se deva à falta de controle das variáveis de confundimento.

Abstract: Introduction: Problem-Based Learning involves the tutor acting as a facilitator, where social and cognitive congruence, as well as knowledge of the content are considered essential factors for the exercise. Objective: To verify tutors' domains of competency and their correlation to student performance. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted between February 2016 and 2017, with tutors and medical students from the Pernambuco School of Health. Correspondence analysis based on Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to ascertain the correlation between the tutor domains of competency profile and the overall performance. Results: The study included 34 tutors and 533 students, three domains of competency were identified within the frequencies: cognitive congruence in 88.7%, social congruence in 93.6% and content knowledge in 98.9%. No correlation was found between the domains of competency and performance. Conclusion: This finding is thought to be due to the lack of control of confounding variables.

Labor del tutor en la formación de habilidades investigativas en los estudiantes de tecnología de la salud / Advisor´s work in training investigative skills in health technology students

RESUMEN La educación médica superior en Cuba tiene el encargo de formar especialistas de alto nivel profesional con una sólida preparación científica, donde el proceso se apoye cada vez más en la actividad docente-investigativa de los estudiantes y se potencie la creación científica para adquirir hábitos en la investigación y experimentación. No hay verdadera educación superior sin actividad de investigación explícita e implícita, ella forma parte del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje y tiene un gran valor en la formación profesional. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar acerca del cumplimiento de la función investigativa de los tutores en la enseñanza de pregrado en las carreras de Tecnología de la Salud. Se analiza la labor del tutor en este sentido, debiendo intensificar su trabajo de forma tal que contribuya a elevar la motivación y participación de los estudiantes en la actividad científica, aprovechando las posibilidades tanto en el orden curricular como extracurricular, lo que tributaría a un mayor desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas. Se concluye que la tutoría en la investigación estudiantil permite integrar el componente investigativo a los componentes asistencial y docente. Existen deficiencias en el modo de actuación de los tutores de la investigación científica en las carreras de licenciaturas en tecnologías de la salud.

ABSTRACT Higher medical education in Cuba is in charge of training high-level specialists with a solid scientific background. This process is increasingly based on the teaching-research activity of students and scientific creation is promoted to acquire habits in research and experimentation. There is no true higher education without explicit and implicit research activity, it is part of the teaching-learning process and has great value in professional training. This work aims at reflecting the fulfillment of the investigative function of tutors in undergraduate teaching in Health Technology programs. The role of the tutor is analyzed. There is a need to intensify their function in a way that it contributes to raising students´ motivation and participation in the scientific activity, taking advantage of the possibilities both in the curricular and extracurricular tasks, which would develop better investigative skills. It is concluded that tutorials in student research allows integrating it to healthcare and teaching components. There are deficiencies in the tutors' way of acting for scientific research in the training programs of health technologies.

Conocimientos sobre el rol del tutor en Medicina General Integral. Policlínico Jimmy Hirzel. 2019 / Knowledge about the role of the tutor in Integral General Medicine. Jimmy Hirzel Polyclinic. 2019 / Conhecimento sobre o papel do tutor em Medicina Geral Integral. Policlínica Jimmy Hirzel. 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la formación en el trabajo garantiza la competencia y desempeño adecuado del futuro especialista en la atención no solo del individuo, sino también de la familia y la comunidad. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimientos que poseen los especialistas de Medicina General Integral sobre su rol de tutor en la formación de futuros especialistas del Policlínico Jimmy Hirzel. Bayamo. 2019. Método: se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Fueron estudiadas las variables: edad, sexo, años de graduados en función de la tutoría, categoría docente en relación a los años como tutor, nivel de conocimientos sobre el rol del tutor. Se aplicó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para medir la confiabilidad del cuestionario aplicado. El universo quedó constituido por todos los especialistas pertenecientes al policlínico Jimmy Hirzel y la muestra por 38 que estaban ejerciendo como tutores en el año 2019. Resultados: predominaron las féminas sobre los masculinos con un 63,2%. El grupo etario más representativo fue de 35 a 39 años con un 31,6%, los especialistas carecen de experiencia y no se han enfrentado a la tutoría, obteniéndose un 52,6%. El 89.5% fueron especialistas sin categoría docente. El nivel de conocimientos de los tutores sobre su rol en la formación de especialistas de Medicina General Integral fue bajo con un 50%. Conclusiones: se demuestra que existen insuficiencias en el conocimiento del rol del tutor en la formación de especialistas en Medicina General Integral y marca un reto para la preparación del claustro en cada institución.

ABSTRACT Introduction: on-the-job training guarantees the competence and adequate performance of the future specialist in the care not only of the individual, but also of the family and the community. Objective: to identify the level of knowledge that the specialists in Comprehensive General Medicine possess about their role as tutor in the training of future specialists of the Jimmy Hirzel Polyclinic. Bayamo. 2019. Method: theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. The variables were studied: age, sex, years of graduates depending on the tutoring, teaching category in relation to the years as tutor, level of knowledge about the role of the tutor. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was applied to measure the reliability of the applied questionnaire. The universe was made up of all the specialists belonging to the Jimmy Hirzel polyclinic and the sample of 38 who were working as tutors in 2019. Results: females predominated over males with 63.2%. The most representative age group was 35 to 39 years old with 31.6%, specialists lack experience and have not faced tutoring, obtaining 52.6%. 89.5% were specialists without a teaching category. The level of knowledge of the tutors about their role in the training of specialists in Comprehensive General Medicine was low with 50%. Conclusions: it is shown that there are insufficiencies in the knowledge of the role of the tutor in the training of specialists in Comprehensive General Medicine and marks a challenge for the preparation of the faculty in each institution.

RESUMO Introdução: o treinamento no local de trabalho garante a competência e o desempenho adequado do futuro especialista no cuidado não apenas ao indivíduo, mas também à família e à comunidade. Objetivo: identificar o nível de conhecimento que os especialistas em Medicina Geral Compreensiva possuem sobre seu papel de tutor na formação de futuros especialistas da Policlínica Jimmy Hirzel. Bayamo. 2019. Método: foram utilizados métodos teóricos, empíricos e estatísticos. As variáveis ​​estudadas foram: idade, sexo, anos de egressos, dependendo da tutoria, categoria de ensino em relação aos anos de tutor, nível de conhecimento sobre o papel do tutor. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi aplicado para medir a confiabilidade do questionário aplicado. O universo foi composto por todos os especialistas pertencentes à policlínica Jimmy Hirzel e a amostra de 38 que estavam trabalhando como tutores em 2019. Resultados: o sexo feminino predominou sobre o masculino, com 63,2%. A faixa etária mais representativa foi de 35 a 39 anos, com 31,6%, os especialistas não têm experiência e não enfrentaram aulas particulares, obtendo 52,6%. 89,5% eram especialistas sem categoria de ensino. O nível de conhecimento dos tutores sobre o seu papel na formação de especialistas em Medicina Geral Integral foi baixo, com 50%. Conclusões: mostra-se insuficiente o conhecimento do papel do tutor na formação de especialistas em Medicina Geral Compreensiva e marca um desafio para a preparação do corpo docente em cada instituição.

Especialistas graduados en el Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel", tutoría y trabajos especiales de grado en el área de vigilancia sanitaria de medicamentos durante el periodo 2007 ­ 2014 / Specialists graduated in the National Institute of Hygiene "Rafael Rangel", tutorship and degree theses in the area of drug sanitary vigilance, period 2007 ­ 2014

El Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" (INHRR) inició las actividades académicas de la Especialización en Vigilancia Sanitaria de Medicamentos en septiembre de 2007. En los primeros ocho años de actividad, el Instituto ha concluido tres cohortes de especialistas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue presentar una descripción de los especialistas graduados en el INHRR, los tutores y los trabajos especiales de grado (TEG) en el área de vigilancia sanitaria de medicamentos durante el periodo 2007 ­ 2014. Para ello, se realizó una investigación documental y de tipo descriptiva, revisando los expedientes resguardados en los archivos de la Coordinación de Postgrado de la Gerencia de Docencia e Investigación del INHRR. Con este programa de postgrado, el Instituto graduó a 27 especialistas en vigilancia sanitaria de medicamentos con un elevado índice académico (17,1 puntos). La mayoría de los egresados de la especialización fueron mujeres farmacéuticas egresadas de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, quienes laboraban en entes públicos al momento de iniciar el programa. El 70% de los TEG defendidos se realizaron dentro de dos de las líneas de investigación que lleva adelante la Gerencia Sectorial de Registro y Control del INHRR, a saber: las buenas prácticas regulatorias y la farmacovigilancia. Catorce profesionales fueron los encargados de dirigir los TEG, bajo la figura de tutor: dos se destacaron por haber dirigido el 44% de los TEG y otros dos por ser egresados de la especialización. Solo el 29% de los tutores fueron externos al Instituto

The National Institute of Hygiene "Rafael Rangel" (INHRR) began the academic activities of the Drug Sanitary Vigilance Specialization in September 2007. In the first eight years, the Institute has graduated three cohorts of specialists. The aim of this work was to present a description of the specialists graduated in the INHRR, their advisors and degree theses (DT) in the field of drug sanitary vigilance, during the period 2007 ­ 2014. Documentary and descriptive research were carried out; reviewing the records kept in the Postgraduate Coordination archives of the Management for Teaching and Research, INHRR. With this program, the Institute graduated 27 specialists in drug sanitary vigilance with a high academic score (17.1 points). Most of the specialists were female pharmacists graduated from the Central University of Venezuela, who worked in public entities when the program began. Seventy percent of the PT was conducted in two of the research lines carried out by the Management of Control and Registry, INHRR, namely: good regulatory practices and pharmacovigilance. Fourteen professionals supervised the PT, under the figure of tutor. Two tutors excelled for supervising 44% of the PT and another two tutors for being graduates of the specialization. Only 29% of the tutors were external to the Institute

Influencia del profesor-tutor en la formación del personal de enfermería / Influence of the tutor professor in the nursing staff training

Introducción: La tutoría es una actividad pedagógica que tiene como propósito orientar y apoyar a los alumnos durante su proceso de formación. Objetivo: caracterizar al profesor-tutor en la formación del personal de enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, durante el curso escolar 2016-2017. El universo estuvo constituido por 93 profesores-tutores y los 311 estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería, pertenecientes a diferentes modalidades de estudio. Se aplicaron encuestas a alumnos y docentes. Se analizaron variables, tales como relación estudiante-tutor, categoría docente, funciones del tutor, preparación del tutor para su desempeño profesional y nivel de satisfacción de estudiantes. Resultados: La relación estudiante-tutor fue buena. El mayor porcentaje de dichos tutores no poseían categoría docente (73,1 %); además, existieron insuficiencias en el dominio de sus funciones y limitaciones en su preparación metodológica, pedagógica y científica. Conclusiones: Pudo demostrarse que la mayoría de los tutores desempeñaban labores asistenciales, fundamentalmente de asesoría metodológica.

Introduction: Tutorship is a pedagogical activity that has as purpose to guide and to support the students during his training process. Objective: To characterize the professor-tutor in the nursing staff training. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out, in Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital from Santiago de Cuba, during the school course 2016-2017. The universe was constituted by 93 professor-tutors and the 311 students of the nursing career, belonging to the different study modalities. Surveys were applied to students and teaching staff. Variables such as relationship student-tutor, teaching category, tutor activities, tutor's preparation for their professional performance and level of students' satisfaction were analyzed . Results: The relation student-tutor was good. The highest percentage of these tutors had no teaching category (73.1 %); also, inadequacies existed in the domain of their functions and limitations in their methodological, pedagogical and scientific preparation. Conclusions: It could be demonstrated that most of the tutors carry out care works, fundamentally of methodological advice.

Efectividad de la formación en tutoría clínica en nutrición / Effectiveness of training in clinical tutoring in nutrition

RESUMEN Uno de los objetivos de la enseñanza tutorial en la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, es proporcionar a los estudiantes un espacio de aprendizaje para desarrollar habilidades clínicas y competencias profesionales. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar un programa de capacitación en tutoría clínica dirigido a tutores clínicos nutricionistas y su efecto en las percepciones de los estudiantes de práctica clínica y su desempeño profesional. Se desarrolló una intervención antes y después de capacitación en tutoría clínica en nutrición, con una muestra no probabilística (n=8 nutricionistas tutores clínicos; n='6 estudiantes). Se hizo un análisis cualitativo de codificación temática y se contrastaron las calificaciones obtenidas mediante T Student. Una vez realizada la intervención los docentes adquirieron herramientas para conducir la tutoría clínica y los estudiantes tuvieron mejores experiencias clínicas. Si bien, el rendimiento académico no mejoró (5,9±0,3; v/s 6,'±0,4; p= 0,4), los docentes percibieron mejoría en el aprendizaje. Se puede concluir que la formación de nutricionistas competentes, responsables de brindar bienestar y cuidado integral a los pacientes depende de la excelencia en la formación del cuerpo docente, que sea centrada en el estudiante y con una enseñanza de calidad que promueva el aprendizaje efectivo.

ABSTRACT One of the objectives of clinical tutoring in the Nutrition and Dietetics major is to provide students with a learning space to develop clinical skills and professional competencies. The aim of the study was to evaluate a training program in clinical tutoring aimed at clinical nutritionist tutors. The effect on students' perceptions of clinical practice and professional performance was evaluated. A pre- and post-intervention test was administered in a non-probabilistic sample (n= 8 nutritionists clinical tutors, n= 16 students). A qualitative analysis of thematic coding was done and the Student t-test was used to compare pre- posttests. Once the intervention was done, the teachers acquired tools to conduct clinical tutoring and students had better clinical experiences. Although academic performance did not improve (5.9±0.3, versus 6.1±0.4, p= 0.4), teachers perceived an improvement in learning. We can conclude that the training of competent nutritionists, responsible for providing well-being and comprehensive care to patients depends on the excellence of the teaching staff, student-centered teaching and a quality education that promotes effective learning.